Have you ever heard someone say that getting an upper tooth extracted can damage your eyes or even cause vision loss? This is a fairly common concern among patients when considering a tooth extraction. But is there any truth to this belief, or is it simply a myth? Let’s take a closer look at the science behind it.
So, where did this myth (opens in a new tab) actually come from? The answer may lie in how closely placed the structures of our upper teeth and eyes are. The nerve responsible for vision is the optic nerve (cranial nerve II), while sensation from the upper teeth is primarily supplied by the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). Although these nerves have different functions, the roots of the posterior upper teeth are located close to the maxillary sinus, which lies beneath the eye socket. The anatomical proximity of these structures may explain why this misconception persists. However, the extraction of an upper tooth does not ordinarily affect vision.
Nevertheless, teeth and eyes are not entirely unrelated. As mentioned earlier, the roots of the maxillary posterior teeth, particularly the premolars and molars, may lie in close proximity to the maxillary sinus. An odontogenic infection (opens in a new tab) originating from these teeth can spread into the sinus cavity and, in complicated cases, extend into the orbit through adjacent tissues, bony pathways, or vascular connections. Infection can also spread through fascial spaces, particularly from the maxillary canine region. Depending on the extent of the infection, this may lead to a number of ocular signs and symptoms, such as periorbital swelling, tenderness and eyelid erythema. More severe orbital involvement may cause restricted eye movements or double vision. Fever, malaise, and headache may also occur.
Although tooth extraction does not cause blindness under normal circumstances, it is important to understand that an untreated odontogenic infection can spread towards the orbit and lead to serious complications. Therefore, symptoms such as swelling around the eye, pain with eye movements, or changes in vision should never be ignored. Seeking timely professional care can help prevent complications and protect vision.
